Excessive screen time could hinder language development in toddlers. Studies suggest that increased screen time is associated with delayed expressive language skills and a reduction in vocabulary.
Impact on Language Development
Research indicates that toddlers exposed to more screen time are more likely to experience delays in expressive language skills, which refers to a child’s ability to use words and sentences. A study involving nearly 900 young children aged six months to two years revealed that for every 30-minute increase in daily handheld screen time, the risk of expressive language delay increased by 49%.
Another study surveyed over 1,000 parents of children under two years old and found that toddlers who watched more videos spoke fewer words. For each additional hour of videos watched by infants aged eight to 16 months, they spoke an average of six to eight fewer words.
Furthermore, a recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that increased screen time was associated with a decreased ability to use adult-like words in spoken language.
Replacing Vital Language Opportunities
Recent research has found that screen time may be replacing vital language opportunities for toddlers. For every minute of screen time, toddlers are exposed to at home, they hear fewer adult words, make fewer vocalizations, and engage in fewer back-and-forth conversations with their parents.
One study tracked 220 Australian families over two and a half years and used Fitbit-like devices to measure screen time and language interactions. The results indicated that as children reached three years of age, just one minute of screen time was associated with seven fewer adult words, five fewer child vocalizations, and one less back-and-forth interaction.
Technoference
Scientists call it “technoference” when technology interferes with interactions between a parent and a child. While electronic devices can capture toddlers’ attention, they do not provide the same quality of learning as face-to-face interactions with real people. Children learn vocabulary by conversing with adults and also learn body language and facial expressions.
Screen Time Recommendations
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no screen time for infants and toddlers under 18 months. For children aged two to five years, screen time should be limited to one hour per day. They also suggest that parents select high-quality programs, watch videos with their child, talk with their child while watching, and connect what their child sees to their everyday experiences.
The Canadian Paediatric Society recommends against any screen time for children under two, except video calls with family members. For children between two and five, they recommend limiting screen time to less than an hour per day.
Negative Effects Later in Life
Excessive screen time can have negative effects later in life, including an increased likelihood of developing problems with obesity, sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety.
Managing Screen Time
With the prevalence of portable devices, parents need to manage children’s screen time carefully. When using devices for educational purposes, parents should share the experience through interactive viewing and conversation to promote language development.
While screens have become an integral part of modern life, it is crucial to be aware of their potential impact on young children’s language development. By limiting screen time and promoting face-to-face interactions, parents can support their children’s language skills and overall development.
